「好问英语」knowing与having known的区分

有一同学问这样一道选择题：

(1) ______ what to do next, she went to the girl for help.

A.Not having known B. Not knowing

答案是 B，为什么不可选A?

这里应当选B。

knowing 意为"知道"，纯表静态。

而 having known 则强调一种认识过程或一段经历，故在此不适用。

注意下面的句子皆应用know的一般时态，不可用完成时态：

(2) I didn't know you were in London. How long have you been here?（know表单纯"知道"）

(3) Do you know how to play chess?（know表才能）

在下面的句子中可用 know 的完成时态：

(4)How long have you known him?

(5)I have known him tell a lie.

英语词汇：高中动词的常见用法

动词用法

A

※add to 增加了 add up to 合计 总共 说明

1.This of course added to our difficulties.

2.I don’t think these facts will add up to anything.

※ ask:

①问 ②要求 征求 请求 ③邀请

ask about 询问关于……的事

ask one’s advice

ask sb. to do ask for trouble 自找麻烦

ask for sth.

ask sth. of sb. 对某人期望……

(too much) 对某人期望太多

What do you ask/expect of then?

B

※ break

①打破 打碎 打断 ②违反

break one’s promise/his word/the law/the rule

break away(from sb.) 逃脱 脱离、改掉坏毛病 习惯

break off 中断 折断（vi.&vt.）

break down 汽车抛锚、工厂倒闭、机器坏了、会议谈判失败了，身体垮掉

break in插入、闯进（无被动） break into the house

break into强行进入，插话(可被动) break… into pieces 把…打成碎片

break in on sb.打断某人

break…open 把…撬开

break…out（vi.）爆发（火灾，战争，疾病）

break through (vi.&vt.) 突破

break up 散伙、解散、两人分手、学期 会议的结束

break with sb. 和某人断交

break the silence 打破沉寂

※ bring

bring about带来 引起

bring back 使 回想起

bring…down使…降低（价格，温度）、使倒下

bring…forward提出（=put… forward） 、提前

bring…in引起 引入、赚钱

bring…into bring使出现 使产生 ｛bring sth. into being

｛sth. come into being

bring…into effect/promise/use 使生效 使…投入使用

bring…out出版、显示出

bring…to an end/a stop/a close结束 ｛bring sth. to an end

｛sth.come to an end

bring…to mind 想起

bring…together 聚集

bring…up 抚养长大、提出、呕吐

bring…to victory/safety

Nearly all educators believe that a challenging situation can often bring out the best qualities of a person.

C

※ call

call at拜访某地

call for去接某人（=pick sb. up）、需要

call in把某人请来、收回

call off取消

call on拜访某人、号召某人做

call out请出去

call up应征入伍、给…打电话

Doctors are often called out in the middle of the night.

※catch

①抓住 逮住 挂住 ②赶上 搭上 ③听懂 ④染上

⑤（出其不意地）撞上 碰上

catch at sth. 试图抓住

catch/get/seize/take hold of抓住 抓牢

catch sb’s attention/eye (to sb.)

catch sight of看见

catch the point of抓住要点

catch up赶上

catch up with sb. (keep up with sb.)

catch sb. doing/done

be caught in…(a traffic jam)

※ come

come about发生（+that…）

Hoe it comes about that…

come across偶然碰到

come alone 一起去 出现

come back to life

come in进来、车进站

come into being/existence 形成

come down下降、下落、流传下来

come down with +病 患病

come (in) first/second (不加the)

come for目的、来取…

come off 脱落

come out出版、真相大白

come out with 突然说出

come to达到某个数字、苏醒

come to oneself

come to a conclusion 得出结论

come to nothing 失败

come to the point 说中要点

come up 走过来、提出、出现

1. Let us wait until the train come in.

2. How much does the bill come to.

3. When it comes to doing,…… 当谈到…的时候

4. When the opportunity come along, ……

5. If something comes up , call me.

6. How it come about…

7. Can you explain how it come about that you’re late again?

※ cut

cut down砍到、削减（开支）、压缩

cut off 中断

cut out删除

D

※ do

can do with 将就用 can do without没有…也可以

do without 没有…也可以

do sb. a favor=do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙

do away with 废除、去掉

do with =have sth. to do with与…有关

do sb. good/harm/wrong = do good/harm/wrong to sb.

do…up=make up化妆、装修

During the war, there was a serious lack of food.It was unusual that even the wealthy families had to do without bread for days.

E

※ except（心理上期待，wait强调动作）

drop in顺便来访 as excepted不出所料 except too much of sb

F

※ feel ①n.+do/done/doing /(to be)+n./adj.

②it n./adj/ to do

feel like doing 想要做

feel one’s way (to…)摸索前进

feel one’s pulse ｛find one’s way探寻出

feel as if /as though ｛push one’s way 挤

feel/be quite oneself 感觉好 ｛make one’s way 到…去

feel/be oneself 感觉不好

G

※ get

get about

①随意走走、旅行 Nowadays people get about much more than they used to.

②（病人）可以走动 Since he broke his leg ,he can’t get about.

③（消息等）传播;流传 The story has got about everywhere.

get across把…讲清楚（=get round/around）

get ahead of 领先

get alone 相处 进展

get away (from…) 逃脱 摆脱 get away with 带…逃

get (…)back (带…)回来

get back with 落后、拖欠

get down ①写下 记下（=set down）

②使…失望（=get sb. down =let sb. down）

get down to doing(business/work/studies) 开始做..

get to know/realize/love =come to know

get hold of 抓住

get in 收割 到达

get over克服 战胜疾病

get off ① 下车

②出发（=set about）

③脱下

get on 上车 继续

get out 泄露 出版

get rid of去掉 去除 消灭

get round 到处 传开 说服

get somewhere 取得成就 get nowhere 一事无成

get through 通过 完成 花光 用光

1. You won’t get off so easily nest time.

2. Only in this way can you get rid of your headache.

3. It’s going to rain.Will you please help me get in the clothes on the line?

4. Sorry, I’m too busy to get away for the moment.

5. 69 miners were tapped.But luckily,400 kg of milk got through to them during the rescue.

※ give

give away 捐赠 赠送 出卖 泄露 泄露﹛let out

give…back归还 ﹛get out

give…forth发表 发出 ﹛give away

give in 屈服

give…in=hand…in 上交

give in to sb./sth. 向某人/事屈服

give…off 发出（声、光、热、味）

give…out ①发出（声、光、热）

② = hand out 分发

give oneself up to doing sth. 献身于…

give up 放弃 认输

give way to sb. 给某人让路 让位 让步

As winter give way to spring, days were getting longer.

given that 考虑到

give sb. a hand 帮忙

give rise to 导致 引起

1. As winter give way to spring, days were getting longer.

2. Bad working conditions will give rise to bad health.

3. The speech of Obama made on the day when he came to power was given out on the radio and spread throughout the world.

4. What disappointed us was that their determinations finally gave out.

※go

go + adj. 变（往坏了变）

go after 追求

go against 违背

go along 向前继续

go back on one’s word /promise 背弃承诺

go back to 追溯至 =date back to

go beyond 超过

go down 下降

go up 上升

go into 从事，调查，研究 = look into

go off ① 关上

②= set off 爆炸

go all out to do 全力以赴做

go down on one’s knees跪下

go in for 参加 喜欢

go on (to do/doing/with) 继续

go out 出去 熄灭

go over sth. 浏览、预习

go through 穿过 浏览 用光 经历 搜寻

go from bad to worse 每况愈下

go from door to door 挨家挨户

have a go=have a try 试一下

go out of one’s ways to do sth.不辞辛劳做

go to the hell 去死吧

go through with 将…进行到底

go with = match 适合 匹配

go round …够用

1. If you think that you can solve the problem, go ahead.

2. How did you go on in your examination.

3. There’s no beer left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to go without.

H

※ Have

~~句型~~

have sb. /sth. do sth.

Let’s have them stand facing the wall.

have sb. /sth. doing (一直做….)

We had the fire burning all night.

I won’t have you talking to your dad like that.

have sb. /sth. done

I had my radio fixed. He had his wallet stolen.

have sth. to do有…要做

I have a letter to write.

have to do 不得不

~~词组~~

have a look/glance/glimpse at

have a meeting/discussion/operation/haircut

have an English lesson

have a dream/swim/wash/walk/rest

have a cold/cough/pain

have lunch/some beer

have a word / a few words with sb. 和…谈话

have words with sb. 和…吵架

have something/nothing/a lot to do with 和… 有关

have something with 随身携带

have a baby 生小孩

have a test/talk/speech/chat/lecture

had better do 最好做

have had enough of sth. 厌倦

have sth. back 要回来

have one’s own way 我行我素

have on 穿

have sth. to oneself …全是…的

You can have the house entirely to yourself.

※ help

help sb. out (of trouble) 帮…脱离困境

can’t help doing 情不自禁地

can’t help to do 不能帮忙做

cannot help/choose but do 除了干这件事，其他的都不行

turn to sb. for help

be of help = helpful

This medicine won’t help. Thing will help.

※ hold

hold/seat/contain sth. 容纳 坐下

hold back 阻止（眼泪流出）

hold back one’s tears

hold sb. back 阻碍某人发展

hold down 控制 镇压

hold…in memory

hold on (电话用语)

hold on to 抓住不放 留着…不卖

hold out 伸出 维持几天

hold to decision

hold together 把…团结在一起

hold… up 阻止 阻碍 交通堵塞

1. We must hold out, and the enemy will give up.

2. They were ready to hold out a friendly hand.

3. The storm held us up, so we were late for the meeting.

4. Their wages were held up or reduced for no reasons.

※ hear

hear of 听说

hear about 听说（较详细）

hear from 收到来信 从…听到 hear① sth. 听到声音

hear out (hear me out) 听完 ② + 从句 听说

K

※ keep

keep a record of 记录… keep the record 保持记录

keep a secret

keep one’s promise/word

keep the law/rule

keep… apart 使…分离 take apart 拆开

keep away 远离 不接近

keep … back 回 隐瞒 保留 扣工资

keep birthday/Christmas 庆祝

keep…down 控制

keep sb. doing

keep silence （on sth.） 保持沉默

keep sth. to oneself 把…占为己有

keep sb. from doing

keep /catch/take hold of 抓住

keep … in mind 铭记在心

keep off 不让…进去 （勿踏草坪）

keep … out 把…挡在外面（禁止入内）

keep out of… 不参与

keep sb. company 陪…

keep to sth. 停留在某一地方

keep … under control 把…控制住

keep in touch with

keep up 坚持

keep up with … 跟上

1. We had to think of a way to keep off the rain.

2. Don’t keep me out in the cold.

※ know

be known as 作为…出名

be known for 因为…出名

be known to sb. 被…所知道

know A from B 区别A和B

know about/of

know … for certain 确切知道

know sb. by name （只知道名字）

know sb. by sight (面熟)

know /learn sb. … by heart 背诵

make … known/public 公布 使大家都知道

know/tell right from wrong 明辨是非

know no limits 无限的

be known to all 众所周知

for all/anything /everything I know 据我所知

It is well known that

L

※ look

have/take a look at

have a look of 有…样的相貌

look about 到处看

look about for… 到处看并寻找

look after 照顾

look as if 看起来像

look ahead 向前看

look away from 转移目光 不看某人

look back (on sth. )回头看

look back on/upon 回顾

look for 寻找

look forward to doing 期望做

look in = drop in on sb. 顺便看看某人

look into =go into 调查

look like 看起来像

look on 旁观

look on A as B 把A 看成B

look out （for…）当心

look over = go over 复习 (快速看)

look through = go through 复习（仔细看）

look up to 尊敬 仰视

look up 好转

look sth. up 查阅

look sb. in the eye/face 直视某人

1. Many people look like monkeys, they do things quickly without thinging.

2. The man you are looking for has come.

3. They traveled from place , looking into matters of all kinds.

4. It’s helpful for them not to look into bright light.

5. As we look back over the month we spent there, our hearts are filled with gratitude.

6. He went to look in at the fish farm.

M

※ make

make for = head for = make towards 冲向

make oneself understood

make one’s living 谋生

make out = figure out 辨认

make up 编造 组成 化妆 和好

make ends meet 收支相抵

make one’s way to sp. 到…去

make room/way for 腾地方 让路

make the best/most of = take advantage of 充分利用

make up one’s mind

to make a long story short 长话短说

make sb. hair stand on end 毛骨悚然

P

※ pass

pass away 过世

pass down 传承下来

pass on 通过

If there is no further discussion, let’s pass on.

※ pay

pay a visit to 拜访

pay attention to

pay back 偿还

pay for

※ put

put…across 让对方了解

put an end / a stop to sth. 结束

put aside 把…放在一边 收起来 储存

put away 收起来

put… back 阻止 耽搁 镇压 放下

put … forward 提出

put…in 插话

put… off 推迟

put…on 上演

put…out熄灭

put…right 改正

put sb. at ease 让某人安心

put through 经历 完成 接通电话

put A through to B 帮助A把B的电话接通

put …up 张贴

put up with 忍受

put up to the night 留宿

put … into practice 投入使用

put sb. to bed 让某人去睡觉

put… into English 把…翻译成英语

put in a word for sb. 替某人说话

put sth. in order 使…井井有条

put on airs 摆架子

put sb. in charge 让某人主管

put/send sb. to death

1. I’m afraid we will have to put up with the loss.

2. We’ll have a telephone put up in our office.

3. If you put away such feelings, you’ll do better next time.

R

※run

run a fever 发烧

run after sb. /sth. 追求

run away = get away 逃跑

run for 参加 run for president 参加总统竞选

run into = knock into

run on 滔滔不绝的说

sth. run out (无被动)

sb. run out of sth

run short (of…)短缺

run up to 总计 合计

run a risk 冒险

run across = run across 偶然遇见

run ahead of 领先

run away with 带着…逃跑 （私奔）

run against 违反 与…作对 对…不利

run at = come at 冲向

run down = knock down 撞到

run over 压死某人

run/go smooth 进展顺利

run/go up 涨价

1. The train was running at 80 miles an hour.

2. All the rivers will run into the sea.

3. They have run six factories.

4. The river began to run dry.

S

※see

see sb. home 送某人回家

see about 负责处理

see…for oneself 亲自看

see into 深入调查

see much/a lot/nothing/little of 很常、少看见

see sb. off 送行

see through 看穿

see to sth. 处理

see to it that 注意

as far as I can see 依我看来

see sb. out 送某人出门

1. I’ll see about the tickets for the concert.

2. He has to see to the luggage.

3. There was so much to see to.

4. See to it that you do not fall when skating.

※send

send A for B 派A去

send down 使降低

send in = hand in = turn in 上交

send…out/forth 发出

send…off 邮寄

send…up 发射

send sb. away 让某人走开

send sb. out of mind 使某人发疯

send…over 播放 播出

1. His boring speech send me to sleep.

2. The sun sends forth light and heat.

※set

set an example for sb. 树立榜样

set about doing =set out to do 开始做…

set…apart 分开

set…aside 播出 流出

set…back 延缓 往回拨

set…down 记下

set fire to sth. = set sth. on fire 防火

set foot in 踏上 进入

set…forth 动身 启程

set… in order 把…放置的井井有条

set…loose 放开 松开

set off 动身离开

set…off 引爆

set one’s mind/heart on 下决心

set out 出发

set…out 摆出 列出

set sail 起航

set…to work 让…工作

set up 建立

set… upside down 颠倒

1. With a few words he set us laughing.

2. That set all our doubts at rest. (这消除了我们的所有疑惑)

3. A room has been set apart for the purpose.

4. He set out his reasons for what he had done.

5. He set to work at once writing the book.

6. He set everyone to work.

7. It’s impossible to set back the clock of history.

8. Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he set aside his own work and translated it into German.

9. The spending cut have set back the research project in America several years.

※show

show off 炫耀

show one’s face 露面

shoe oneself …显示出来

show up = turn up 出席

His anger showed itself in his voice.

※ speak

speak for 代表…说话 为某人辩护

speak up 大声说

be spoken as 被说成

nothing to speak 不值一提

※ stand

stand against 反对

stand at attention/ease 立正 稍息

stand behind sb. 支持

stand by 同甘共苦

stand for 代表

stand on one’s own feet 依靠自己

stand out 突出 显眼

stand out against 在…的衬托下突出

stand aside 不参与

stand back 后退

stand still 静止不动

1. We’ll stand by you through think and thin.

2. You mustn’t stand by and do nothing about it. (你不能袖手旁观)

3. His talent stood out in comparison with the others.

T

※ take

take a chance

take one’s seat 就座

take a vote 选举 表决

take a turn for the better

take advantage of 利用

take aim at 瞄准

take… apart 拆开 分开

take part in参加

take A as B 把A 当作B

take… back 取回

take away 拿走

take… by surprise 突袭

take care小心 保重

take charge of主管 负责

take…down = set down 记下

take effect生效

take A for B = take A to be B 把A当成B

take…for granted 认为…是理所当然的

take hold of 抓住

take…into consideration 把…考虑在内

take note/notice of 注意

take notes 记录

take…off 起飞 脱下 事业腾飞

take office 就职

take on 呈现

take one’s time 慢慢来 不着急

take…out 取出

take pains/troubles to do 不辞辛劳做

take place发生

take root in… 扎根

take the chair 主持会议

take the place of 代替

take turns to do = take turns in doing 轮流

take up ①占据时间/空间 ②从事

take warning from 引以为戒

take a short cut 走捷径

take possession of 占有 占领

1. He take office at a very hard time.

2. We take pride in our responsibilities as teachers in China.

3. I was take on as a worker in a big factory.

4. He takes up a part-time teacher job at a middle school.

5. We each take charge of the lessons for three classes.

6. She take down she was told to, careful not to miss a word.

7. Yao Ming is very famous now. However, his basketball career took on only after many years of hard work.

8. When all the tickets were sold ,about twenty people had to be turned away.

※ talk

talk away 通过谈话消除

talk back (to sb.) 顶撞

talk big 吹牛

talk sb. into doing 说服

talk…over谈论

※ tell

tell A and B apart = tell A from B

tell sb. about/of sth.

tell a lie

tell a white lie

tell it like it is

There is no doing 没办法…

※ think

think about 考虑

think of 想到 想起 为着想 打算

think of A as B 把A当成B

think… out/up 提出

think over 仔细考虑

think twice before 三思

※ turn

turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻

turn a blind eye to 视而不见

turn … aside 避开

turn… away 不让…进去

turn back 转回来

turn…down 拒绝

turn…in = hand in上交

turn A to B 把A 变成B

turn on/off 开/关

turn out结果是 证明是

turn one’s back to 不理睬

turn one’s stomach 作呕 through up 呕吐

turn over ①转交 移交 ②打翻 ③翻(页)

turn to 向某人求助

turn up 出席

1. Please turn your eyes this way.

2. Nothing can turn us from our purpose.

3. His hair turns grey.

4. Later, he turned a doctor.

5. It turns out that he had never been here.

6. I turned over the keys to Mr. Smith.

7. He turned over all the tables in anger.

8. He turned over one page or two and gave up.

W

※ work

work at

work on从事 致力于

work out ①锻炼 ②解决问题 算出 ③=turn out

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